Impinduka ku mubiri uva mu bwana ujya mu bwangavu ndetse n’ubugimbi

Ubwangavu n’ubugimbi ni ikigero abakobwa n’abahungu bageramo maze imibiri yabo igahinduka; harimo kwiyongera ibiro, uburebure n’ibindi.

Umukobwa ugeze mu bwangavu ashobora gusama, naho umuhungu ugeze mu bugimbi ashobora gutera inda. Ibi bibaho bitewe n’uko umubiri ukora imisemburo mishya akaba ari yo itera impinduka mu mubiri, uwari umwana agahinduka umuntu mukuru.

Ubwangavu muri rusange butangira hagati y’imyaka 8 na 13, naho ubugimbi bugatangira hagati y’imyaka 10 na 15. Gusa bishobora kuba mbere cyangwa nyuma y’iyi myaka bitewe n’umubiri w’umuntu.

Impinduka zibaho ku bahungu mu gihe cy’ubugimbi harimo: gutangira kugira ijwi rinize, kuzana ubwanwa, kuyaga kw’uruhu no kuba yazana ibiheri mu maso, kumera ubwoya ku gitsina (insya), ku maguru, mu gituza, mu maso, mu maha; amabere aramera akabyimba kandi agatonekara, kugara igituza n’intugu, akiyongera ibiro n’uburebure, kuzana ibyuya no guhinduka kw’impumuro y’umubiri, gutangira kwiroteraho no gushyukwa, kwiyongera kw’ibice ndangagitsina — urugero: imboro n’amabya, guhinduka mu byiyumviro — urugero amarangamutima, kurakazwa n’utuntu duto, no kugira ibyifuzo ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Impinduka zibaho ku bakobwa harimo: kuzana amabere akabyimba kandi agatonekara, kujya mu mihango, kuyaga kw’uruhu no kuba yarwara ibiheri mu maso, kwiyongera kw’ubwoya bwo ku gitsina (insya), bwo ku maguru, n’ubwo mu maha; amatako aragara, ibiro n’uburebure bikiyongera, ibyuya biriyongera kandi umubiri ugahindura impumuro, ijwi riniga gato, hakabaho no guhinduka mu byiyumviro — harimo amarangamutima ku bo badahuje igitsina.

Ni ibintu bisanzwe kuba umwana yajya mu bugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu mbere cyangwa nyuma, hagati y’imyaka 8 na 14.

Muhanga: Umugore ntabwo yasigaye inyuma mu kwishakamo ubwisungane mu kwivuza

Ubwisungane mu kwivuza ni umwe muri gahunda za Leta itangwa hagendewe ku byiciro by’ubudehe mu rwego rwo kurinda abaturage kurembera mu rugo; abagore na bo basabwa kugaragaza uruhare rwabo muri iyi gahunda igamije iterambere ry’igihugu mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza.

Abagore bo mu Karere ka Muhanga baganira n’Itangazamakuru bavuze ko hari byinshi bibafasha mu kwigurira ubwisungane mu kwivuza (mutuelle de santé) harimo kwizigama mu bimina ndetse no kujya mu matsinda atandukanye.

Uwizeye Gaudance wo mu Murenge wa Shyongwe yagize ati “ino aha dufite gahunda nyinshi zo kwizigama kandi bigendeye ku bushobozi bwa buri wese, kuko duhera ku giceri cy’ijana kuzamura, iyo rero uri mu kimina, uri mu bwizigame bukorerwa mu kagoroba k’ababyeyi no mu zindi gahunda zo kwizigamira ntabwo wananirwa kwigurira ubwisungane kuko n’iyo igihe kigeze utarayabona itsinda rirakuguriza ukabasha kugenda wishyura buhoro buhoro.”

Avuga ko akenshi usanga abagore ari bo bahangayikishwa cyane no kugirango umuryango ubone ubwisungane kuko iyo hari urwaye ni bo bigiraho ingaruka nyinshi mu kumurwaza.

Nyiraminani Alexia we n’umuryango we ugizwe n’umugabo n’abana batanu, akora umwuga wo kuboha agaseke, avuga ko kuboha agaseke bibafasha mu gukenura urugo, ati: “nk’ubu nunganira utwo umugabo aba yabonye tukabasha kugura ubwisungane mu kwivuza bwacu ndetse n’ubw’aba bana mureba, twe nk’umuryango dufata iya mbere mu kwishyura kuko n’iyo twayabuze twitabaza ikimina mbamo, kikatuguruza, tukabasha kwishyura kuko ni gahunda yaje ikenewe idufasha guhabwa ubuvuzi mu buryo bworoshye.”

Akomeza ajyira inama abagore bagifite imyumvire y’uko umugabo ari we ubaha byose, ko bakura amaboko mu mifuka bagahera ku tuntu duto duto, bagahura n’abandi, kugirango na bo bishakemo iterambere ryabo n’iry’umuryango by’umwihariko.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Muhanga Beatrice Uwamaliya avuga ko umugore azigama cyane ku buryo kwishyura ubwisungane abigiramo uruhare rugaragara; ati “burya muri kwa kuba mu rugo cyane no kumva ko ari nyina w’umuntu, kwa kumva ko ari we ugomba kubona ibyo atanga, ibyo agabura, afite ukuntu abika cyane cyane ateganyiriza ahazaza, muri mutuelle rero buriya akenshi iyo umugore azi ko yasamye inda cyangwa afite akana gato ni we ufata iya mbere akavuga ngo tugomba kubanza kugura Mutuelle n’umugabo aba abizi, iyo ari mu kimina, mu mashyirahamwe, mu matsinda se, arasa ku ntego bakabanza kuri iyo mutuelle.”

Yongeraho ko mutuelle itakagombye gusiganirwa, akaba ari imwe mu mpamvu bahozaho inyigisho, mu mwaka barangije w’imihigo bari ku kigero hafi 90%, ariko baba barahize kugera ku 100% n’ubwo usanga hari utugari tumwe na tumwe tuba twaragejeje 100%.

Itegeko rishya riteganya ko buri munyamuryango uzishyura ubwisungane mbere yo gutangira umwaka, uwishuye hagati y’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga n’ukwa Nzeri bazaba bafite amahirwe yo kuba bakenera service z’ubuvuzi bagahita bivuza. Ubu kugirango wivuze bisaba kuba ufite Indangamuntu yawe cyangwa ikarita ya Mituweli ndetse na nimero y’umukuru w’umuryango.

Saidath Murorunkwere

Kosmos Magazine

Kamonyi: Abagore mu guteza imbere ibikorerwa mu Rwanda

Gahunda ya Leta yo kwihangira imirimo hitabwa cyane ku bikorerwa iwacu, iragenda ifata intera hirya no hino mu gihugu, mu karere ka Kamonyi na ho ntibasigaye inyuma by’umwihariko abagore kuko usanga bayigaragaramo haba mu byambarwa, mu bikoresho by’ubwubatsi, mu mitako n’ibindi.

Niyonizeye Donatila wo mu Murenge wa Musambira akora umurimo w’ubudozi yibanda cyane ku bikorerwa iwacu, (Made in Rwanda), aganira n’Itangazamakuru yavuze ko abagabo bamwe na bamwe baca intege abo babana ati “iyo ufite umutware mubana agushyigikiye igihe cyose urakora bikemera ariko iyo atagushyigikiye byo ntibishobora kwemera, wenda hari nk’abantu bitinya ukabona hari udashaka gukora, biriya ni ugusubiza inyuma urugo rwe, burya inshuro nyinshi abagore ni twe tuzamura ingo zacu kandi ni twe tumenya ibikenewe kurusha abagabo, umugabo n’iyo yaba ahembwa menshi akaguha amafaranga, ariko burya aguha amafaranga gusa ntaba azi icyo uri bugure, twe ni twe tugomba kumenya ibikenewe kuko umugore ni we umenya ibiteza imbere urugo.”

Akomeza avuga ko kudashaka icyo ukora ku mugore uba usubiza inyuma urugo rwawe kandi ni wowe uba wihemukiye, ati “natangiye nta n’imashini mfite nkodesha mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu ngura iyo nakodeshaka ibimbi 50. Ndakomeza ndakora abakiriya bagenda baboneka mva ku rubaraza, nkodesha inzu ntangira gukora njyenyine.” yongeraho ko ubu amaze kwigurira imashini zigera kuri 5, yishyurira mutuelle umuryango we ndetse akanatanga akazi.

Asoza ajyira inama abagore bagenzi be bacyitinya ko nibatinyuka kwinjira mu kintu bakakijyamo kandi bakagikunda Imana izabasangamo kandi ibaheremo umugisha, ndetse n’abana babo bibafashe gukura bakunda umurimo.

Abagore bamaze kwibumbira mu ma Koperative na bo bavuga ko ibikorerwa mu Rwanda bimaze kubateza imbere kandi ko bashimira cyane Leta y’u Rwanda yabashishikarije gukura amaboko mu mifuka, bakamenya guteganyiriza ejo hazaza habo ndetse n’ah’umuryango by’umwihariko.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Kamonyi Kayitesi Alice avuga ko mu Karere ayoboye ibikorerwa mu Rwanda byagiye bikorwa by’umwihariko bihereye ku ma koperative y’abagore ndetse n’urubyiruko.

Ati: “ubu dufite amakoperative y’abadamu akora ibijyanye n’ububumbyi, cyangwa se gukora imitako n’ibindi bikoresho bikorwa mu ibumba, ayo makoperative turayafite mu Murenge wa Rukoma ndetse no mu Murenge wa Runda muri Kagina, dufite kandi n’abadamu batandukanye bagiye bibumbiye mu matsinda n’amashyirahamwe atari mu makoperative akomeye, bagenda bakora ibituruka ku myambaro, ibituruka ku mpu, harimo inkweto imikandara, n’ibikapu, ndetse dufite n’umwihariko w’amabuye, dufite ibuye ryitwa urugarika, harimo abajene cyagwa se urubyiruko batangiye kuyabyaza umusaruro, bakoramo amakaro, umucanga , amavaze, ibibindi, ndetse no kugera ku rwego rw’amasahani n’ibikombe.”

Yongeraho ko nk’uko gahunda ya Leta ari ugukomeza kongera imbaraga mu guteza imbere ibikorerwa iwacu na bo bakomeza kuba hafi aya makoperative no gushishikariza abayarimo gukora byinshi kurushaho!

Mu mwaka wa 2015 ni bwo Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije ubukangurambaga bugamije guteza imbere ibikorerwa mu Rwanda na Politiki zihamye z’ubuziranenge bwabyo kugirango bigire agaciro ku masoko yo mu Rwanda n’ayo hanze. Ibi byafashije igihugu kugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’ibyo u Rwanda rutumiza mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwayo.

Saidath Murorunkwere

Kosmos Magazine

Nyarugenge: Haracyagaragara ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo

Ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, ni ibikorwa bibabaza umwe mu babana mu rugo, hagati y’umugabo n’umugore. Iryo hohoterwa rikorwa mu buryo bunyuranye, burimo ibijyanye n’imibanire rusange, kubabaza umubiri, kubabaza umutima, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mutungo, ihohoterwa rikoresheje ururimi n’ihohoterwa rikorewe igitsina.
Iryo hohoterwa ryose rikunze kugaragara hagati y’abashakanye, baba ababana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, n’abandi babana batarasezeranye.

Baganira n’Itangazamakuru bamwe mu bagore batuye mu murenge wa Kigali, mu Karere ka Nyarugenge bavuga ko ihohoterwa ryo mu ngo, rihari kandi ko usanga riri ku kigero cyo hejuru bitewe n’uko abenshi baba badashaka kurigaragaza!

Ingabire Claudine avuga ko we nta terambere yageraho kandi atakoze kuko nta burenganzira abifitiye ati “nko ku giti cyanjye ndi umugore uhora yicaye aha mu bana, nta kazi mfite, nta burenganzira mfite bwo kuba nashaka akazi nk’abandi, nta terambere nageraho, narigeraho gute kandi ntakoze; mbese nimba banjugunyiye icyo gihumbi ni kirye gutyo nyine, iryo se si ihohoterwa, nk’ubu nataye icyangombwa nta rangamuntu mfite sinshobora kuba najya kuyishaka kuko nta ruhushya, nta n’ubushobobozi, nimba yampaye icyo gihumbi ni icyo guhahira umuryango w’abantu batandatu, ntiwagihahishamo ngo usagure n’igiceri cy’ijana ngo ube wagira ikindi ukora.”

Akomeza agira ati “ kwitwa ngo ntiwasezeranye ho ni irindi hohoterwa, ugira icyo uvuga ati ubundi wasezeranye na nde? Uzasige abana banjye utumuke ugende, nubwo tuba tuvuga ngo nta kazi dufite natwe tuba twakoze ako mu rugo ntikoroshye ariko ibyo ntabireba, simuraza se? Indaya yo ntibayihonga, sinamubyariye se, ndavunika ariko nta kamaro binamfiitiye, uretse gupfira umwana wanjye!”

Mu gahinda kenshi Ingabire yatweretse inguma agiye afite ku mubiri azikuye ku guhohoterwa, gusa ashimira Perezida wa Republika cyane ati: “mu mubiri wanjye mfite inguma nyinshi, ariko aho tugereye muri uyu mudugudu wa Karama nariyongereye, mbese ndasa neza, harakabaho perezida wa repubulika, kuko nyuma yo gutuzwa muri uyu mudugudu hari umusonga wanjye ugenda womoka, sinabona uko mushimira kuko ngaragaje amarangamutima yanjye kuri we sinabona icyo namushimira.”

Akomeza avuga ko ashoboye ariko nta bushobozi, ubu ngo abonye inkunga imufasha kwifasha yagerageza kuko noneho ubu umugabo atazamukangisha ngo mvira iwanjye kuko inzu itaraba iye.

Mukamana na we avuga ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo rihari kandi azi n’abarikorerwa, rimwe na rimwe banakoreshwa mu buriri ibyo badashaka ati “ impande zombi usanga zihohoterana, umugore akaba yahohotera umugabo, cyangwa se umugabo agahohotera umugore, nubwo akenshi rikorerwa abagore, icyo nsaba ubuyobozi ni uko bwakomeza gukangurira uwahohotewe kudaceceka, akamenyesha inzego, no mu kagoroba k’ababyeyi bakagaragazamo ikibazo bakaba bacoca ayo makimbirane ataragera kure.”

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyarugenge Kayisime NZARAMBA avuga ko ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo rihari, basaba aho byabaye ko bajya batanga amakuru ku gihe; ati “ akenshi nk’abagabo usanga banywa inzoga akenshi zihenze cyangwa se bamwe na bamwe usanga bafata ibiyobyabwenge atamenya uko agomba kuba yafata umugore, ibyo rero tuba dushaka kugirango aho byabaye, uwakoze ibikorwa nk’ibyo bigayitse abashe gushyikirizwa inzego, ntihabeho guhishira.”

Akomeza avuga ko irindi hohoterwa rijya rikorwa ari irikorerwa abana b’abakobwa aho bavutswa uburenganzira bwabo; ati “umugore ashobora kuba wenda, ariko ntabwo bihari cyane ariko na hacye biri ni twe tugomba kuvuga tuti aho uwo mugore yajya, wenda agiye guhinga agatwara umwana w’umukobwa kugirango ajye kumureresha undi mwana, ni bya bindi byo gusumbisha abana, tubona iyo hajemo ibyo gucikiriza ishuri, usanga umubare munini ari uw’abana b’abakobwa, twakurikirana biciye mu Nama y’igihugu y’Abagore (CNF) usanga cyane cyane mu mirenge y’icyaro ni ba bana baherekeza ba nyina gukora, dufatanyije na CNF rero tuganiriza uwo muryango tubabwira ko abana bose bangana kandi bafite amahirwe amwe kandi angana.”

Yongeraho ko binyuze mu mugoroba w’ababyeyi aho bigisha urugo kugirango rwirinde amakimbirane, uyu mugoroba urabafasha cyane mu kwigisha abantu kubana mu mahoro, kwirinda intonganya ndetse no guha abana uburere bukwiye.

Ihohoterwa rifite uburyo bwinshi rikorwamo hari ihohoterwa ribabaza umubiri, Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mutungo, Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku mibanire mu muryango; Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku kwemera, ubwoko n’akarere k’inkomoko ndetse n’ihohoterwa ribabaza umutima; iri ni ihohoterwa rikorwa hari n’abandi bantu batandukanye baba inshuti cyangwa umuryango.

Abashakanye bakwiye kwiga kuganira, ndetse bagaharanira ko imibanire yabo yashingira ku rukundo rwubakiye ku musingi w’ukuri.

Saidath Murorunkwere

Kosmos Magazine

Ubuzima ntibwamwemereye kuba icyo yifuzaga kuba cyo! “Maria Yohana”

Umuhanzi kazi Mukankuranga Marie Jeanne uzwi ku izina rya Maria Yohana avuga ko akiri muto yumvaga azaba umubikira, arangije umwaka wa gatanu w’amashuri abanza yagiye muyisumbuye i Save aho yize umwaka umwe , ubuzima bwaho bukamunanira ntabe akibashije kugera ku nzozi ze nkuko yabyifuzaga, gusa ngo ntibyamubabaje cyane n’ubwo ari ikintu yabuze yakundaga.
Maria Yohana ni umubyeyi w’imyaka 71, aganira na Cosmos Magasine k’ubuto bwe yatangaje ko akiri muto yakundaga cyane kwiga no gutera agapira bya gikobwa, asobanura ibijyanye n’uyu mupira avuga ko mu gihe cye abakobwa bari bafite uburyo bakinaga umupira bawuhererekanya ku buryo iyo wituraga hasi aba atsinzwe akavamo akajya mubatsinzwe kugeza igihe bashiriye, akaba aribwo haboneka abatsinze!

Mariya Yohana ati: “Mu byo nakundaga kandi harimo no kuririmba , ku buryo nabaga no mu tugurupe tw’abaririmbyi cyane ko nigaga mu kigo cy’abababikira banadufashaga ari nako badutoza uturimo tw’abakobwa turimo kudoda udutambaro no kuboha imipira”

Mu ishuri nawe yagiraga inshuti

Maria Yohana avuga ko yarafite group y’abakobwa yafataga nk’inshuti zikomeye kuko yazigiyeho byinshi : “izo nshuti zanjye nazigiyeho uburyo umuntu abana n’abandi, ndetse no guhanana ku buryo umuntu akoze ikosa utatinya kumuhana” , akomeza avuga ko ntacyo bahishanyaga kugeza ubwo n’utwandiko babaga babandikiye batwerekanaga bakatujyaho inama.

Ibyamushimishije mu buto bwe!

Maria Yohana avuga ko mu buto bwe Papa we yajyaga abigisha kuririmba bikamushimisha cyane ati : “Papa yaradufashaga yatwigishaga utuntu twinshi cyane ku buryo nashimishijwe n’icyuma yari yaratuguriye cyitwaga Giramafone cyajyagaho za flash disk noneho indirimbo zariho icyo gihe nka za rumba, tukaziceza ku buryo nanakundaga guceza.” Akomeza avuga ko mu bindi byamushimishije bikimushimisha na nubu ni ukubona abana bakina bishimye.

Isomo yakuye ku babyeyi be!

Mariya Yohana avuga ko hari byinshi akesha ababyeyi be dore ko ngo banamufashije guhora yishimye kuko bamubaga hafi bo n’abavandimwe be, yagize ati “isomo ryambere nabakuyeho ni Ugukunda gusenga cyane kuko Mama biri mu bintu yadutozaga cyane harimo no kutwigisha uturirimbo, ikindi kwihesha agaciro(kwiyubaha) kuko Papa yakundaga kudutoza cyane kudata agaciro ndetse no gukundana.”

Uyu mubyeyi yagize ubutumwa aha abakiri bato!

Yagize ati : “icya mbere mbanza kubabwira ko mbakunda, nkunda umwana muto, nkamusaba kugira isuku, gukundana, ishyaka, ibyo byose akamenya ko atiremye agomba gusenga kuko umwana ukunda gusenga aranshimisha” Yongeraho ko umwana agomba kugira ikintu muri we akwiye kurwaniraho ishyaka akagikora aziko ari kiza kimufitiye akamaro gishimisha ababyeyi niba abafite, niba gishimisha bagenzi be, niba kimuhesha ishema mu bandi, ati “ndabasaba kuba intangarugero mu byiza bahesha ishema ababyeyi n’igihugu by’umwihariko!”

Turashimira uyu mubyeyi wafashe umwanya we akadusangiza ubuto bwe Imana imuhe kuramba tuzakomeze kumukuraho byiza binyuze bose!

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