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Ibishobora gutera kugwingira ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka itanu

Bavuga ko umwana yagwingiye igihe imikurire ye cyangwa se uburebure bwe butajyanye n’imyaka afite. Ibi babibona bagereranyije uburebure ndetse n’imyaka y’umwana.

Hari byinshi bishobora gutuma umwana agwingira, harimo: imirire mibi y’umwana ndetse n’iy’ umubyeyi; ni ukuvuga igihe ya minsi igihumbi y’ubuzima bw’umwana ititaweho, kutonswa neza ndetse no kudahabwa imfashabere ku gihe, kudahabwa indyo yuzuye, indwara zituruka kw’isuku nkeya nk’impiswi, ndetse no kudahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni byiza kwita ku minsi igihumbi ya mbere y’ubuzima bw’umwana kuko ari ho imikurire ye n’ubuzima bwe bishingiye.

Ibyo umubyeyi wese wonsa asabwa gukurikiza byafasha umwana we

Mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’umwana, Ishami ry’ Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) n’iryita ku bana (UNICEF) zisaba ko buri mubyeyi akurikiza ibi mu konsa umwana:

konsa umwana we akivuka mu isaha ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe
konsa umwana amezi atandatu ya mbere nta kindi amuvangiye
guha umwana imfashabere ku mezi atandatu ndetse agakomeza kumwonsa kugeza byibura ku myaka ibiri, ndetse akaba yanayirenza.

Ibyo umugore yakwitaho mu gihe ateganya gutwita

Akenshi abagore bakunda gutangira gutegura gutwita ari uko bamaze kumenya ko batwite cyangwa se abandi bagashishikarira mu gushaka amafaranga, imyenda y’umwana, n’ibindi. Nyamara hari bimwe mu byakagombye kwitabwaho ku bijyanye n’ubuzima bw’umugore witegura gutwita mbere y’uko atwita kugirango azabashe kubyara umwana ufite ubuzima bwiza ndetse bibe byanamufasha kwirinda zimwe mu ndwara zibasira abagore batwite.

Mu gihe umugore yitegura gutwita akwiye kugana kwa muganga bakamujyira inama mbere yo gutwita, cyane cyane igihe hari indwara zihererekanywa (inherited) mu muryango we; ni byiza kwisuzumisha indwara zitandura zitanakira nka diabete, umuvuduko w’amaraso, n’izindi mbere y’uko asama ndetse yaba anasanzwe azirwaye akabanza agakurikiranwa na muganga, kwisuzumisha no kwikingiza zimwe mu ndwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana atwite urugero: rubella na taxoplasmosis. Ni byiza gukurikiranwa na muganga mbere y’uko atwita mu gihe afite zimwe mu ndwara zandura nka virus itera sida n’indwara y’umwijima yo mu bwoko bwa hepatite.

Umugore wese witegura gutwita akwiye kuhagarika kunywa itabi n’inzoga, kwirinda kunywa imiti adahawe na muganga; ni byiza guhagarika kuboneza urubyaro mbere ho igihe cyane cyane iyo akoresha uburyo bw’igihe kirekire kandi bw’umusemburo. Umugore wese witegura gutwita akwiye kugabanya ibiro kugirango yirinde kuzagira umubyibuho ukabije igihe atwite, gusa kandi ntibyemewe gufata rejime (regime) mu gihe witegura gutwita. Umugore wese witegura gutwita akwiye gufata utunini twongera folic acid mu mubiri kugirango bizarinde umwana uburwayi bw’uruti rw’umugongo (neural defect).

Kwita ku buzima bw’umugore mbere y’uko asama bimufasha kuzabyara umwana muzima ndetse bikanamurinda zimwe mu ndwara zibasira abagore batwite.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza uburwayi mu myanya ndangagitsina ku bagore

Ku bagore, mu myanya ndangagitsina havamo amatembabuzi; ariko bitewe n’uko asa, impumuro ndetse n’ibiyagize bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi.

Ubusanzwe amatembabuzi asohoka mu myanya ndangagitsina ku bagore aba ari nk’amazi, nta bara agira cyangwa se akaba yamera nk’umweru w’igi bitewe n’ibihe umugore arimo; aha twavuga nk’igihe cy’uburumbuke cyangwa atwite.

Igihe ibara ry’amatembabuzi rihindutse rikaba ryasa umweru, umuhondo nk’amashyira, icyatsi, asa n’amaraso cyangwa se afite irindi bara ridasanzwe, bishobora kugaragaza uburwayi. Ibindi bimenyetso bikunze kwiyongeraho ni ukugira impumuro idasanzwe mu gitsina, kugira uburyaryate mu gitsina, ndetse no kocyerwa mu gihe uri kwihagarika.

Igihe ugararagaje kimwe muri biriya bimenyetso, ni byiza kugana kwa muganga kugirango barebe niba waba udafite zimwe mu ndwara zifata imyanya ndangagitsina ndetse ubashe no kwitabwaho bikwiye.

Imyambaro myiza ku mugore utwite

Umugore utwite agenda agira impinduka zinyuranye ku mubiri we akaba akwiye kwita ku cyatuma abasha kumva aguwe neza harimo no kwita ku myambaro yambara ijyanye n’igihe arimo.

Umugore utwite biba byiza iyo yambaye imyenda ijyanye n’uko umubiri we uba ugenda uhinduka ndetse itanamubangamiye.

Ni byiza kwirinda imyenda igufashe cyane igihe utwite; ni byiza kwambara isutiye igukwiriye neza, cyane ko amabere ari mu bice bibyibuha cyane igihe umugore atwite, biba byiza iyo aguze ijyanye n’uko amabere angina; kwambara imyenda ibasha gukweduka (irimo elastic) biba byiza; kwambara imyenda ijyanye n’uko ikirere kimeze—ni ukuvuga niba hashyushye cyangwa hakonje; ndetse akibuka kwambara imyenda isa neza kugirango yirinde indwara z’uruhu zaturuka ku mwanda.

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