What is the ‘fourth tri-mester’?

What is the ‘fourth tri-mester’?

The ‘fourth trimester’ is an emerging term given to the 12 weeks following childbirth. During this time, mothers and their babies undergo significant physical and emotional changes. For the baby, this period involves adjusting to life outside the womb. For the mother, it involves recovering from childbirth and adapting to the new responsibilities of caring for a newborn.

Not everyone will have heard of it – but every parent and newborn will have experienced it!

Why is it Important?

  1. Baby’s Development:

Newborns are still very much in a state of development during the fourth trimester. Many believe this is because the size of the birth canal limits how large a baby can grow before birth, therefore, babies must continue development outside the womb. Newborns are learning to regulate their body temperature, developing their feeding patterns, and beginning to adjust their sleep cycles during this time.

To help the newborn adapt, research suggests that you should try to recreate the environment the baby had in the uterus for 3 months after birth. Here are some ways in which you can do this:

Swaddling: Wrapping your baby snugly in a blanket can mimic the cozy embrace of the womb, helping them feel secure and comfortable. Why not check out some of the cloths available on Kosmotive’s online shop!

naturebaby.co.nz

Skin-to-Skin Contact: Holding your baby close with skin-to-skin contact helps regulate their body temperature and heart rate, providing comfort and promoting bonding.

Gentle Rocking: Mimic the gentle movements your baby felt while you were moving around during pregnancy. Rocking chairs, baby swings, or simply holding and swaying your baby can be very soothing.

White Noise: The sounds your baby heard in the womb were constant and soothing. Use a white noise machine or play one of many videos available on YouTube to replicate these sounds and help your baby sleep better.

Dim Lighting: The womb was dark, so keeping the lights dim can help your baby feel more at ease and make it easier for them to adjust their sleep cycles.

Frequent Feeding: Newborns have small stomachs and need to eat often. Feeding on the baby’s demand can help establish feeding patterns and ensure your baby is getting steady nourishment.

Bonding and Breastfeeding: The fourth trimester is an essential period for breastfeeding. Newborns have a weak immune system and need breastmilk to provide all the necessary antibodies and probiotics to regulate their immune responses. This also provides skin-to-skin contact.

  1. Mother’s Recovery:

julieturnermovement.com

Postpartum recovery is a major aspect of the fourth trimester. This includes physical healing from the birth, hormonal adjustments, and dealing with the emotional shifts that often accompany the arrival of a new baby. Mothers need ample support during this period to ensure a healthy recovery. Here are some tips to help you recover:

Seek Support:  Surround yourself with a supportive network of family, friends, or professionals. Don’t hesitate to ask for help when needed – it takes a village!

Rest and Nutrition: Ensure you get plenty of rest and maintain a nutritious diet to support recovery and breastfeeding. Information about nutrition during and after pregnancy can be found on KosmoMag!

Baby’s Comfort: Keep your baby close with skin-to-skin contact and respond to their needs promptly to foster a sense of security, and limit discomfort.

Self-Care: Take time for yourself, even a few minutes a day helps. Mental and emotional well-being is just as important as physical health. So, dress yourself up, try some gentle stretches and eat your favorite foods – you’re doing a great job, mama!

 

The fourth trimester is a unique and crucial time for both mothers and their babies. Understanding its importance can help new parents prepare better and seek the necessary support to make this transition smoother and more enjoyable. By giving attention to the needs of both mother and baby, families can lay a strong foundation for healthy development and well-being!

Sources:

Postpartum Care: An Approach to the Fourth Trimester

The fourth trimester: a critical transition period with unmet maternal health needs

What is the fourth trimester?

Indwara ya Gapfura cyangwa se Ikirimi

Indwara abantu bakunze kwita gapfura cyangwa se ikirimi, cyangwa se angine mu ndimi z’amahanga, ni indwara ikunze gufata abana iterwa n’udukoko dutandukanye dufata mu muhogo hakabyimba.

Bimwe mu bimenyetso iyi ndwara igira mu bana harimo nko kumira akababara, kunanirwa kurya, kugira umuriro, gucika intege, ndetse no kugira umwuma.

Iyi ndwara iyo itavuwe neza ishobora gutuma twa dukoko dukwira mu mubiri ukaba wagira ubundi burwayi nk’ubw’umutima (rheumatic heart disease), umwijima, ndetse n’izo mu bwonko.

Ubu ni uburwayi buvurwa kwa muganga bugakira; bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa n’ababyeyi mu kuvura ubu burwayi harimo nk’ibyo bita guhara cyangwa se gukata ikirimi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bw’umwana harimo nko gukwirakwira kw’udukoko mu bindi bice by’umubiri ndetse no kugabanuka kw’ubwirinzi bw’umubiri.

Ibishobora gutera kugwingira ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka itanu

Bavuga ko umwana yagwingiye igihe imikurire ye cyangwa se uburebure bwe butajyanye n’imyaka afite. Ibi babibona bagereranyije uburebure ndetse n’imyaka y’umwana.

Hari byinshi bishobora gutuma umwana agwingira, harimo: imirire mibi y’umwana ndetse n’iy’ umubyeyi; ni ukuvuga igihe ya minsi igihumbi y’ubuzima bw’umwana ititaweho, kutonswa neza ndetse no kudahabwa imfashabere ku gihe, kudahabwa indyo yuzuye, indwara zituruka kw’isuku nkeya nk’impiswi, ndetse no kudahabwa ubuvuzi bukwiye.

Ni byiza kwita ku minsi igihumbi ya mbere y’ubuzima bw’umwana kuko ari ho imikurire ye n’ubuzima bwe bishingiye.

Ibyo umubyeyi wese wonsa asabwa gukurikiza byafasha umwana we

Mu rwego rwo kurengera ubuzima bw’umwana, Ishami ry’ Umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) n’iryita ku bana (UNICEF) zisaba ko buri mubyeyi akurikiza ibi mu konsa umwana:

  • konsa umwana we akivuka mu isaha ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe
  • konsa umwana amezi atandatu ya mbere nta kindi amuvangiye
  • guha umwana imfashabere ku mezi atandatu ndetse agakomeza kumwonsa kugeza byibura ku myaka ibiri, ndetse akaba yanayirenza.

Imirire mibi ku mwana uri munsi y’imyaka itanu igira ingaruka ku mitekerereze ye ndetse n’ubwenge

Mu busanzwe bizwi ko ubwenge cyangwa imitekerereze y’umwana akenshi ayikomora ku babyeyi, ariko usibye ibyo akomora ku babyeyi, imirire na yo igira uruhare ku mikurire y’umwana harimo n’imitekerereze ndetse n’ubwenge.

Ubwonko bw’umwana butangira gukorwa kuva umwana agisamwa, bugakomeza gukura. Ku myaka itanu ya mbere kuva avutse aba afite mirongo icyenda ku ijana y’ubwonko bw’umuntu mukuru; kuri iki kigero ibice by’ubwonko bishinzwe kureba, kumva indimi, imitekerereze ndetse n’ubwenge ni bwo bikorwa.

Iyo imirire y’umwana ititaweho kuva agisamwa kugeza ku myaka itanu, bigira ingaruka ku mitekerereze ye ndetse n’ubwenge, kandi imirire mibi ituma ingano y’ubwonko bw’umwana igabanuka. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bavutse ari bato ugereranyije n’igihe bavukiye badatsinda neza mu ishuri ugereranyije n’ababashije kuvuka bafite ibiro bishyitse.

Ni byiza kwita ku mirire y’umwana, cyane muri ya minsi igihumbi ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe, kuko imikorere y’ubwonko bwe ari ho ishingiye.

Gahunda y’inkingo mu Rwanda

Gukingira ni uburyo bwifashishwa kugirango barinde umuntu indwara zimwe na zimwe aho bongera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri we. Ibi bikorwa baha umuntu icyo twita urukingo; barutanga barumutera mu maraso cyangwa se akaba yarunywa nk’uko wanywa ikinini. Gukingira ni uburyo bwiza kandi bwizewe bukoreshwa mu kurinda umuntu indwara mbere y’uko imugeraho.

Inkingo zihabwa abana mu Rwanda kuva akivuka kugera ku myaka 12 ni izi: Kuva umwana avutse kugeza ku byumweru 2 ahabwa urukingo rw’igituntu (BCG) hamwe n’urukingo rw’imbasa (polio 0). Ku kwezi n’igice umwana ahabwa urukingo rw’imbasa (polio 1) hamwe n’urundi bita pentavalent rukubiyemo inkingo eshanu ari zo: (urukingo rw’akaniga, agakwega, kokolishi, umwijima wo mu bwoko bwa B, umusonga n’izindi ndwara ziterwa n’agakoko ka influenza B), ahabwa kandi urukingo rumurinda impiswi, n’urundi rukingo rumurinda indwara nyinshi ziterwa n’agakoko ka pinemokoke (pneumocoque) harimo umusonga, mugiga, umuhaha, kumungwa amagufa n’ingingo, n’izindi. Ku mezi abiri n’igice umwana yongera guhabwa inkingo nk’izo aba yafashe ku kwezi n’igice. Ku mezi atatu n’igice nabwo umwana yongera guhabwa inkingo nk’izo aba yafashe ku mezi abiri n’igice. Ku mezi atandatu, ni ukuvuga ibyumweru 24 kuva umwana avutse, ahabwa vitamini A. Ku mezi icyenda, ni ukuvuga ibyumweru 36, umwana ahabwa urukingo rw’iseru na rubeyole. Ku mwaka umwe (yujuje amezi cumi n’abiri) ahabwa ikinini cy’inzoka zo mu nda, akongera agahabwa na vitamin A. Ku mezi cumi n’atanu (ni ukuvuga umwana yujuje umwaka n’amezi atatu) cyangwa ibyumweru 60, umwana yongera guhabwa urukingo rw’iseru na rubeyole rwo gushimangira urwo yabonye ku mezi icyenda. Ku myaka 12 abana b’abakobwa bahabwa urukingo rubarinda kanseri y’inkondo y’umura.

Ni byiza gukingiza umwana inkingo zose nta na rumwe usimbutse kandi ukubahiriza igihe kugirango umurinde ingaruka yahura na zo aramutse abaye atarakingiwe. Ikindi ni uko twabamara impungenge ko urukingo rudashobora gutera indwara.

Ibiranga imikurire y’umwana kuva avutse kugeza agize imyaka itanu

Uko umwana agenda akura kuva avutse hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe agenda abasha gukora bitewe n’ikigero cy’imyaka agezemo; aha twavuga nko kumenya kuvuga, guseka, kugenda n’ibindi. Tugiye kurebera hamwe ibyo umwana abashobora gukora bitewe n’ikigero cy’imyaka agezemo.

Ku mezi abiri umwana aba ashobora guhagarika umutwe we neza nta kiwufashe, akumva amajwi, azi ababyeyi be, kandi atangira no guseka.

Ku mezi ane n’atanu umwana aba ashobora kwibirindura– aha ushobora kumusiga ku buriri akaba yagwa igihe buri hejuru, atangira kwivugisha amagambo atumvikana, aba akunda kwitegereza agaseka, ndetse aba azi izina rye.

Ku mezi atandatu umwana abasha kwicara ntawe umufashe, atangira guhagarara, abasha kuvana ikintu mu kuboko kumwe agishyira mu kundi, atinya n’abantu cyangwa ikintu atamenyereye.

Ku mezi icyenda n’icumi atangira gukambakamba, abasha kuvuga amagambo mama na dada, abasha no kuzunguza ikiganza asezera abantu.

Ku mezi cumi n’abiri atangira kugenda, aba avuga byibura amagambo atatu, ashobora kubahiriza ibyo bamutegetse, kwigana ibyo abandi bakora, no kurira ababyeyi bamusize.

Ku mezi cumi n’atanu abasha kwiruka, kunywa akoresheje igikombe, no kwigaburira akoresheje ikiyiko.

Ku myaka ibiri abasha kurira esikariye no gusimbuka, gukora interuro y’amagambo abiri, no kwikuramo imyenda.

Ku myaka itatu abasha gutwara igare ry’amapine atatu, gushushanya uruziga, akunda gukinisha ibikinisho, akora interuro y’amagambo atatu, abasha koza amenyo bamufasha ndetse no koga intoki.

Ku myaka ine abasha gushushanya mpande enye, amenya amabara n’imibare imwe n’imwe, akunda no gukina n’abandi.

Ku myaka itanu agaragaza kwigenga– urugero usanga akunda gusura abaturanyi, abasha gushushanya umuntu, akora interuro y’amagambo atanu, abasha imirimo imwe n’imwe yo mu rugo, ndetse aba ashobora no kwiyambika imyenda.

Ibi byose tukweretse si ko abana bose babasha kubikora ku gihe gikwiye, hari abo bitinda cyane ku mwana wavutse atagejeje igihe; ni byiza rero kwegera muganga w’abana igihe ubona umwana wawe hari ibyo atari kubasha gukora bitewe n’ikigero agezemo.

 

Umumaro wo konka ku mwana

Konsa umwana neza bimuha intangiriro nziza y’ubuzima; akaba ari yo mpamvu umubyeyi ashishikarizwa konsa umwana byibura amezi atandatu nta kindi amuvangiye kandi na nyuma yaho agakomeza kumwonsa byibura kugeza ku myaka ibiri. Tugiye kurebera hamwe umumaro wo konka ku mwana.

Umwana wonse akimara kuvuka bimufasha gukunda umubyeyi ndetse no kugirana ubusabane na we. Konka kandi bifasha umwana kugira ubwenge kuko ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko umwana wonse amashereka agira ubwenge ugereranyije n’uwanyoye amata. Umwana wonka kandi bimurinda zimwe mu ndwara nk’impiswi ziterwa n’umwanda ndetse n’izindi ndwara zifata imyanya y’ubuhumekero nk’umusoga. Umwana wonse neza amezi atandatu ntakindi bamuvangiye ntakunze kurwara indwara nk’umuhaha, indwara z’ubuhumekero ndetse n’impiswi bikunze gufata abana. Umwana wonka neza bimurinda kuba yagira umubyibuho ukabije bikanagabanya amahirwe yo kurwara indwara ya diyabeti ndetse na kanseri zimwe na zimwe. Umwana wonse neza kandi bimurida imfu zitunguranye zikunze kwibasira abana bari munsi y’umwaka.

Mu mashereka kandi habamo intungamubiri umwana aba akeneye zose ngo akure neza, ndetse abonamo n’abasirikare umubiri we uba ukeneye bamufasha kwirinda zimwe mu ndwara zikunze kwibasira abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu.

Ni byiza rero ko umbyeyi yita ku buzima bw’umwana we amwonsa neza uko bikwiye, cyane yihatira kumwonsa amezi atandatu ya mbere nta kindi amuvangiye; dore ko bitagirira umumaro umwana gusa ahubwo n’umubyeyi na we bimufasha kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Corona virus ku mugore wonsa

Kugeza ubu nta bushakashaki buragaragaza ko coronavirus ishobora kwandurirwa mu mashereka, ariko kubera uburyo yandura bwagaragaye umugore wonsa uyirwaye cyangwa ufite ibimenyetso byayo hari ibyo agomba kubahiriza kugirango yirinde kwanduza umwana we.

Igihe umubyeyi yonsa ariko arwaye cyangwa afite ibimenyenso bya coronavirus agomba gukaraba intoki n’amazi n’isabune mbere yo guterura umwana agiye kumwonsa, kwambara agapfukamunwa igihe amwonsa, bishobotse akaba yakama amashereka akayaha undi muntu akayamuhera umwana byose akabikora yabanje gukaraba intoki.

Dukomeze twirinde coronavirus twubahiriza amabwiriza yose yagenwe harimo no kwirinda ingendo zitari ngombwa.

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