Kosmo Magazine – Page 2

Ibiryo ushobora kurya n’ibyo wakwirinda mu gihe uri mu mihango

Iyo umwangavu cyangwa umugore ari mu mihango, rimwe na rimwe bahura n’ibimenyetso bibabangamira harimo nko kuribwa mu nda, umutwe, kugira iseseme, umunaniro, guhitwa n’ibindi.

Tugiye kurebera hamwe ibyo kurya wakwifashisha n’ibyo wakwirinda byagufasha kwirinda bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso.

Ibiryo warya bikagufasha uri mu mihango harimo: imbuto, imboga z’icyatsi, ibishyimbo, inkoko, ifi, icyayi cya tangawizi, shokora y’umukara, amazi, yawurute, ndetse n’amata.

Ibyo wakwirinda harimo: umunyu mwinshi, isukari nyinshi, ikawa, inzoga, ibiryo birimo amavuta menshi, ndetse n’inyama zitukura.

Ibikenewe ku mwangavu n’umugore kugira ngo bite kw’isuku bari mu mihango

Kimwe cya kabiri cy’abagore batuye isi bari mu myaka y’uburumbuke, nyamara benshi muri bo bagorwa no kubona ibikenewe by’ibanze kugirango bite kw’isuku mu gihe bari mu mihango.

Bimwe mu by’ibanze baba bakeneye harimo ibi bikurikira: ubumenyi buhagije ku bijyanye n’isuku mu gihe cy’imihango, amazi meza n’isabune byo gukaraba, ibikoresho by’isuku– nk’udutambaro two kwibinda, ubwiherero bakoresha bahindura udutambaro, ndetse no kubona ahantu habugenewe babasha gushyira imyanda.

Birakwiye ko abangavu n’abagore bashyigikirwa kugirango babashe kubona ibi by’ibanze bakenera buri kwezi, bityo n’ubuzima bwabo bubashe kubungabungwa neza.

Bimwe mu byagufasha igihe ujya mu mihango ukagira ububabare

Kugira imihango ibabaza ni kimwe mu bibangamira umugore cyangwa umukobwa igihe ayigiyemo; bamwe bagira ububabare mbere gato y’uko bajya mu mihango, abandi bakagira ububabare bari mu mihango nyir’izina. Hari abagira ububabare bworoheje ndetse n’abagira ububabare bukabije ku buryo bakenera kuba bafata imiti. Ubu bubabare buba mu nda hasi ndetse no mu mugongo wo hasi.

Ububabare umuntu agira ari mu mihango biterwa n’uko ibyari kuzatunga umwana nyababyeyi iba yarabitse biba biri kwiyomora kuri nyababyeyi kugirango bibashe gusohoka, akaba ari byo bisohoka nk’ariya maraso tuba tubona; ibi bituma habaho gufunga imitsi izana amaraso kuri nyababyeyi, noneho bigatuma umwuka utagera kuri nyababyeyi bigatera ububabare.

Bimwe mu byagufasha harimo: gushyira icupa ririmo amazi ashyushye ku mugongo wawe ku gice cyo hasi, gukora “massage” ku nda yawe ahagana hasi, kuruhuka igihe wumva unaniwe, kwirinda ibyo kurya birimo imisemburo ya kafeyine n’umunyu mwinshi, kwirinda kunywa itabi n’inzoga, gukora siporo– aha ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko umugore ukora siporo adakunda kubabara mu gihe ari mu mihango.

Bimwe mu byo kunywa byagufasha kugabanya ububabare harimo amazi, icyayi cy’icyatsi (green tea), umutobe w’inanasi, n’ibyo kunywa bita “smoothie” bikozwe mu mbuto n’imboga.

Si byiza gukoresha fanta ya coca ndetse n’ikawa igihe ugira imihango ibabaza kuko byifitemo imisemburo ya kafeyine ishobora gutuma ugira imihango ihindagurika mbere utayigiraga. Igihe ibi tuvuze hejuru byanze kukugabanyiriza ububabare ahubwo bukiyongera, ushobora kugana muganga akaba yaguha ubufasha bwisumbuyeho.

Impinduka zishobora Kuba ku mugore mu gihe ari mu mihango

Igihe umugore agiye kujya mu mihango hari impinduka zishobora kuba mu mubiri we bitewe n’uko hari imisemburo iba irimo ikorwa mu mubiri itari isanzwe.

Zimwe muri izo mpinduka harimo: kubabara umugongo, kubabara umutwe, kubyimba amabere ndetse ukumwa asa n’akubabaza, kubabara mu ngingo, guhinduka kw’ijwi, guhinduka mu byiyumviro ukaba wagira uburakari, kumva udashaka kurya, kuzana uduheri mu maso, kwigunga ndetse n’ubwoba.

Izi mpinduka ziza mbereho gato yo kujya mu mihango zikarangirana n’igihe cy’imihango; mu gihe ugize kimwe muri ibi bimenyenso bije bikabije wagana kwa muganga bakaba baguha ubufasha.

Ibiranga imikurire y’umwana kuva avutse kugeza agize imyaka itanu

Uko umwana agenda akura kuva avutse hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe agenda abasha gukora bitewe n’ikigero cy’imyaka agezemo; aha twavuga nko kumenya kuvuga, guseka, kugenda n’ibindi. Tugiye kurebera hamwe ibyo umwana abashobora gukora bitewe n’ikigero cy’imyaka agezemo.

Ku mezi abiri umwana aba ashobora guhagarika umutwe we neza nta kiwufashe, akumva amajwi, azi ababyeyi be, kandi atangira no guseka.

Ku mezi ane n’atanu umwana aba ashobora kwibirindura– aha ushobora kumusiga ku buriri akaba yagwa igihe buri hejuru, atangira kwivugisha amagambo atumvikana, aba akunda kwitegereza agaseka, ndetse aba azi izina rye.

Ku mezi atandatu umwana abasha kwicara ntawe umufashe, atangira guhagarara, abasha kuvana ikintu mu kuboko kumwe agishyira mu kundi, atinya n’abantu cyangwa ikintu atamenyereye.

Ku mezi icyenda n’icumi atangira gukambakamba, abasha kuvuga amagambo mama na dada, abasha no kuzunguza ikiganza asezera abantu.

Ku mezi cumi n’abiri atangira kugenda, aba avuga byibura amagambo atatu, ashobora kubahiriza ibyo bamutegetse, kwigana ibyo abandi bakora, no kurira ababyeyi bamusize.

Ku mezi cumi n’atanu abasha kwiruka, kunywa akoresheje igikombe, no kwigaburira akoresheje ikiyiko.

Ku myaka ibiri abasha kurira esikariye no gusimbuka, gukora interuro y’amagambo abiri, no kwikuramo imyenda.

Ku myaka itatu abasha gutwara igare ry’amapine atatu, gushushanya uruziga, akunda gukinisha ibikinisho, akora interuro y’amagambo atatu, abasha koza amenyo bamufasha ndetse no koga intoki.

Ku myaka ine abasha gushushanya mpande enye, amenya amabara n’imibare imwe n’imwe, akunda no gukina n’abandi.

Ku myaka itanu agaragaza kwigenga– urugero usanga akunda gusura abaturanyi, abasha gushushanya umuntu, akora interuro y’amagambo atanu, abasha imirimo imwe n’imwe yo mu rugo, ndetse aba ashobora no kwiyambika imyenda.

Ibi byose tukweretse si ko abana bose babasha kubikora ku gihe gikwiye, hari abo bitinda cyane ku mwana wavutse atagejeje igihe; ni byiza rero kwegera muganga w’abana igihe ubona umwana wawe hari ibyo atari kubasha gukora bitewe n’ikigero agezemo.

Umumaro wo konsa ku mugore

Ubusanzwe konsa ni bumwe mu buryo umugore aha ubuzima umwana kuko mu mashereka habamo intungamubiri umwana aba akeneye kugirango akure neza afite ubuzima bwiza. Usibye umumaro konsa bigirira umwana, umubyeyi wonsa na we bimugirira umumaro ku buzima bwe.

Umubyeyi wonsa bimufasha kongera urukundo n’ubusabane agirana n’umwana we bitewe n’imisemburo nka prolactin ndetse na oxytocin, bikorwa mu gihe cyo konsa, itanga ibyishimo bituma umubyeyi wonsa akunda kuba yishimye.

Umugore wonsa akimara kubyara bifasha nyababyeyi ye kwiyegeranya neza bikamurinda kuva cyangwa gutakaza amaraso nyuma yo kubyara. Konsa ku mugore ukibyara kandi byamurinda gusama; aha ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko umubyeyi wonkeje neza umwana we mu mezi atandatu ya mbere nta kindi amuvangira bishobora kumurinda gusama.

Konsa bishobora kurinda umubyeyi zimwe mu ndwara zifata amabere harimo nka kanseri y’ibere, kubyimba kw’ibere bitewe n’amashereka menshi, kanseri ya nyababyeyi, kanseri y’umuhogo n’izindi ndwara nka diyabeti ndetse n’umuvuduko w’amaraso.

Umubyeyi wonsa kandi bimurinda umubyibuho ukabije kuko konsa bituma umubyeyi atakaza ibiro. Konsa binafasha umugore mu mitekerereze ye kuko bimurinda ubwoba ndetse n’indwara yo kwigunga ikunda gufata abagore nyuma yo kubyara.

Konsa kandi byafasha umubyeyi kwiteza imbere kuko umwana wonkejwe neza atarwaragurika, bityo umwanya n’amafaranga byakoreshwa avuzwa bikagira umumaro mu bindi bikorwa byateza imbere umuryango.

Ni byiza rero ko umubyeyi wese yonsa umwana we neza kugirango ubuzima bwe n’ubw’umwana we bimere neza kandi bifashe n’umuryango muri rusange gutera imbere.

Ibimenyetso mpuruza ku mugore utwite

Ibimenyetso mpuruza ni ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara ku mugore utwite; bisaba ko yakwihutira kujya kwa muganga igihe bimugaragayeho kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe bwite ndetse no ku buzima bw’umwana atwite.

Bimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso harimo kuva amaraso mu myanya ndangagitsina ku mugore utwite, kubabara mu nda bikabije, kugira iseseme no kuruka bikabije, kumeneka kw’uruzi mu myanya ndangagitsina, kugira umuriro mwinshi– ni ukuvuga uri hejuru ya 37.7, kubabara umutwe bikabije, kumva umwana atonka cyangwa se adakina mu nda, kugira isereri ndetse no kureba ibikezikezi, kubyimba ibirenge, ibiganza ndetse no mu maso, no kugira ububabare mu gihe cyo kwihagarika.

Tubibutse ko igihe umugore utwite agize kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso tumaze kubona yihutira kujya kwa muganga kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwe ndetse n’ubw’umwana atwite.

Kwita ku isuku mu gihe cy’imihango

Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko 52% y’abatuye isi ari abagore; 26% muri bo bari mu cyiciro cy’uburumbuke, ni ukuvuga ko buri kwezi bajya mu mihango hagati y’iminsi 2 na 7. N’ubwo bimeze gutya, henshi mu mpande z’isi, kujya mu mihango bifatwa nk’icyasha ku gitsina gore aho usanga hamwe mu bihugu umugore cyangwa umukobwa uri mu mihango aba atemerewe kujya ku ishuri, mu rusengero, kurarana n’abandi, ndetse ugasanga hari n’imwe mu mirimo atemerewe gukora.

Ahenshi usanga umugore mu gihe cy’imihango atabasha kubona iby’ingenzi akeneye byamufasha kwita ku isuku neza; aha twavuga nk’amazi meza, udutambaro tw’isuku two kwibinda, isabune, ndetse n’ahantu h’ubwiherero habugenewe yakwifashisha.

Hari amoko menshi y’ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kwibinda mu gihe cy’imihango; aha twavuga udutambaro dusanzwe, udutambaro tudoze dukorwa n’inganda — haba utwo bakoresha bakajugunya benshi bakunze kwita cotex cyangwa utumeswa, hari kandi n’udukombe twabugenewe twifashishwa.

Mu byo uba ugomba kwitaho mu gihe cy’imihango harimo kwambara igikoresho cyo kwibinda ndetse n’umwenda w’imbere bisa neza kandi ukibuka kubihindura buri masaha atandatu byibura, kugira isuku y’umubiri ukaraba byibura kabiri ku munsi kandi ugakaraba mu myanya ndangagitsina ukoresheje amazi meza, kumesa neza umwenda ukoresha wibinda igihe umeswa ukibuka kuwanika ku zuba, kwihanagura uvuye mu bwiherero — uhanagura uvana imbere ujyana inyuma kugirango wirinde kuba washyira imyanda mu myanya ndangagitsina, kwirinda gutizanya na bagenzi bawe agatambaro wibindisha, ndetse no kujugunya agatambaro ukoresha ahabugenewe.

Ni byiza kwita ku isuku mu gihe cy’imihango kugirango twirinde zimwe mu ngaruka zaterwa no kugira isuku nke harimo nk’uburwayi.

Impinduka ku mubiri uva mu bwana ujya mu bwangavu ndetse n’ubugimbi

Ubwangavu n’ubugimbi ni ikigero abakobwa n’abahungu bageramo maze imibiri yabo igahinduka; harimo kwiyongera ibiro, uburebure n’ibindi.

Umukobwa ugeze mu bwangavu ashobora gusama, naho umuhungu ugeze mu bugimbi ashobora gutera inda. Ibi bibaho bitewe n’uko umubiri ukora imisemburo mishya akaba ari yo itera impinduka mu mubiri, uwari umwana agahinduka umuntu mukuru.

Ubwangavu muri rusange butangira hagati y’imyaka 8 na 13, naho ubugimbi bugatangira hagati y’imyaka 10 na 15. Gusa bishobora kuba mbere cyangwa nyuma y’iyi myaka bitewe n’umubiri w’umuntu.

Impinduka zibaho ku bahungu mu gihe cy’ubugimbi harimo: gutangira kugira ijwi rinize, kuzana ubwanwa, kuyaga kw’uruhu no kuba yazana ibiheri mu maso, kumera ubwoya ku gitsina (insya), ku maguru, mu gituza, mu maso, mu maha; amabere aramera akabyimba kandi agatonekara, kugara igituza n’intugu, akiyongera ibiro n’uburebure, kuzana ibyuya no guhinduka kw’impumuro y’umubiri, gutangira kwiroteraho no gushyukwa, kwiyongera kw’ibice ndangagitsina — urugero: imboro n’amabya, guhinduka mu byiyumviro — urugero amarangamutima, kurakazwa n’utuntu duto, no kugira ibyifuzo ku bijyanye n’imibonano mpuzabitsina.

Impinduka zibaho ku bakobwa harimo: kuzana amabere akabyimba kandi agatonekara, kujya mu mihango, kuyaga kw’uruhu no kuba yarwara ibiheri mu maso, kwiyongera kw’ubwoya bwo ku gitsina (insya), bwo ku maguru, n’ubwo mu maha; amatako aragara, ibiro n’uburebure bikiyongera, ibyuya biriyongera kandi umubiri ugahindura impumuro, ijwi riniga gato, hakabaho no guhinduka mu byiyumviro — harimo amarangamutima ku bo badahuje igitsina.

Ni ibintu bisanzwe kuba umwana yajya mu bugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu mbere cyangwa nyuma, hagati y’imyaka 8 na 14.

Muhanga: Umugore ntabwo yasigaye inyuma mu kwishakamo ubwisungane mu kwivuza

Ubwisungane mu kwivuza ni umwe muri gahunda za Leta itangwa hagendewe ku byiciro by’ubudehe mu rwego rwo kurinda abaturage kurembera mu rugo; abagore na bo basabwa kugaragaza uruhare rwabo muri iyi gahunda igamije iterambere ry’igihugu mu kubungabunga ubuzima bwiza.

Abagore bo mu Karere ka Muhanga baganira n’Itangazamakuru bavuze ko hari byinshi bibafasha mu kwigurira ubwisungane mu kwivuza (mutuelle de santé) harimo kwizigama mu bimina ndetse no kujya mu matsinda atandukanye.

Uwizeye Gaudance wo mu Murenge wa Shyongwe yagize ati “ino aha dufite gahunda nyinshi zo kwizigama kandi bigendeye ku bushobozi bwa buri wese, kuko duhera ku giceri cy’ijana kuzamura, iyo rero uri mu kimina, uri mu bwizigame bukorerwa mu kagoroba k’ababyeyi no mu zindi gahunda zo kwizigamira ntabwo wananirwa kwigurira ubwisungane kuko n’iyo igihe kigeze utarayabona itsinda rirakuguriza ukabasha kugenda wishyura buhoro buhoro.”

Avuga ko akenshi usanga abagore ari bo bahangayikishwa cyane no kugirango umuryango ubone ubwisungane kuko iyo hari urwaye ni bo bigiraho ingaruka nyinshi mu kumurwaza.

Nyiraminani Alexia we n’umuryango we ugizwe n’umugabo n’abana batanu, akora umwuga wo kuboha agaseke, avuga ko kuboha agaseke bibafasha mu gukenura urugo, ati: “nk’ubu nunganira utwo umugabo aba yabonye tukabasha kugura ubwisungane mu kwivuza bwacu ndetse n’ubw’aba bana mureba, twe nk’umuryango dufata iya mbere mu kwishyura kuko n’iyo twayabuze twitabaza ikimina mbamo, kikatuguruza, tukabasha kwishyura kuko ni gahunda yaje ikenewe idufasha guhabwa ubuvuzi mu buryo bworoshye.”

Akomeza ajyira inama abagore bagifite imyumvire y’uko umugabo ari we ubaha byose, ko bakura amaboko mu mifuka bagahera ku tuntu duto duto, bagahura n’abandi, kugirango na bo bishakemo iterambere ryabo n’iry’umuryango by’umwihariko.

Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Muhanga Beatrice Uwamaliya avuga ko umugore azigama cyane ku buryo kwishyura ubwisungane abigiramo uruhare rugaragara; ati “burya muri kwa kuba mu rugo cyane no kumva ko ari nyina w’umuntu, kwa kumva ko ari we ugomba kubona ibyo atanga, ibyo agabura, afite ukuntu abika cyane cyane ateganyiriza ahazaza, muri mutuelle rero buriya akenshi iyo umugore azi ko yasamye inda cyangwa afite akana gato ni we ufata iya mbere akavuga ngo tugomba kubanza kugura Mutuelle n’umugabo aba abizi, iyo ari mu kimina, mu mashyirahamwe, mu matsinda se, arasa ku ntego bakabanza kuri iyo mutuelle.”

Yongeraho ko mutuelle itakagombye gusiganirwa, akaba ari imwe mu mpamvu bahozaho inyigisho, mu mwaka barangije w’imihigo bari ku kigero hafi 90%, ariko baba barahize kugera ku 100% n’ubwo usanga hari utugari tumwe na tumwe tuba twaragejeje 100%.

Itegeko rishya riteganya ko buri munyamuryango uzishyura ubwisungane mbere yo gutangira umwaka, uwishuye hagati y’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga n’ukwa Nzeri bazaba bafite amahirwe yo kuba bakenera service z’ubuvuzi bagahita bivuza. Ubu kugirango wivuze bisaba kuba ufite Indangamuntu yawe cyangwa ikarita ya Mituweli ndetse na nimero y’umukuru w’umuryango.

Saidath Murorunkwere

Kosmos Magazine

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